Reports often come from different out pockets of society regarding the man – eaters and their wandering attitudes. Tigers rarely prefer eating human flesh. They even avoid entering any human habitat for exploring any hunt. Then question arises, what actually force a tiger to opt a serious job which they don’t like to do? What are the factors force them continuously towards an alternative which gains a life risk for them?
Actual reason is very painful to furnish and more painful to tolerate. Day by day they are losing their hold upon the forest biota for ensuring the possibilities of existence of a sure hunt. In order to make them ensured about the sure and easy hunt they prefer moving in search of a place for obtaining the same. In some other cases physically poor or wounded tigers change their focus from the forest biota towards the herds maintained by human beings of that locality. In all such instances shortage of naturally occurring food sources, unwanted human intrusions in forest and pollution of the environment force a wild beast for wandering in search of a better nestling ground.
Primary objective of a tiger behind attacking a human, therefore in a broader spectrum, is not to kill the individual for gaining a hunt. It is intended in most cases to make themselves secured. They rarely visit any place which is previously visited by any human beings. Shyness of the wild beast is its natural ethological apprehension. With such apprehension only they invade unknown places with a fear of being spotted out by any human beings, or a fear of being attacked by them. With such intended fear and loss of trust they sometimes attack people. After receiving any confirmation about a tiger’s attitude like a man eater do we kill the beast instantly? Do we wait for any forester to take any needful step? A guideline recently issued by Government of India regarding uses of licensed weapon for killing a beast prohibits such an instant use of weapons against any endangered variety of animal. By this Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) any individual cannot use such weapons against any endangered or vulnerable varieties of animals without confirming the fact of the animal regarding intended killing of human beings in any specified area. Even without taking concern of the local forest officials they should not chase, disturb or kill the beast.
Day by day tigers are also becoming habituated to stay with local tribal groups and inmates of the forest area. They rarely agitate or intend to exclude any native Indians from the region of their naturally occurring habitat. Such a natural coexistence of human and animal compel us to think about the actual sources of threat to the wild beasts and big cats.
Even the fact that tiger is a violent creature and maintain their attacking mood to chase men, we must think about adjusting them properly in their natural surrounding because of their confirmed role in protecting the biota by establishing a hold upon grazers and harvesters of forest resources. They should have an easy access to their hunt for fixing them firmly to the wild diversity. That is why we are much worried about their survival and well beings. Only law enforcement cannot fulfill the mission, even people alone cannot. We have to establish a properly functional link between people, government and resource base for ensuring the conservation of diversity at its base.
Development of Attitudes
Do all animals take care of their ward? This question implies a deep impression in our mind regarding the role of parents in nourishing their young ones for making them fit for the forthcoming challenging days. Fishes, among most of the animals, are a kind having no passion for their fry. Similar the case regarding frogs. Snakes and other reptiles depend entirely upon the nature for hatching of their eggs. Eggs remain unhitched if temperature of the surrounding, due to certain unwanted reason, goes down. Birds never rely only upon the hatching of their eggs on the level of atmospheric temperature. They can maintain their body temperature up to a standard level. This standard level of body temperature is used for hatching purposes. They also change the position of eggs periodically to provide uniform heat to individual eggs from all sides. They build nests simply for hatching purposes. In other words, they have no address of any permanent types. Their breeding and nestling ground may periodically change. They are the creature most successful in escaping the extreme climatic conditions of nature. There are instances of the loss of eggs by birds due to harsh climatic conditions. Some birds, like ducks, often forget about their eggs and come back happily without taking the egg from the water bodies.
Crocodiles are more ignorant regarding their babies. They even start eating their young ones in absence of some suitable diet. The reason of such attitude may be some different. Due to their poor eyesight, they may remain unaware of the new ones which often try to admit themselves in the water bodies after the birth. Turtles are quite advanced in this regard. They are capable of identifying young ones, but cannot provide any special diet during early days as those of the promising birds. Birds can provide special diet to their new ones and also introduce them with the ways and means of collecting food from the nature. They also withdraw themselves gradually due the fact of the early maturity of their young ones. The span of such parental care depends on the span of maturation of the individual baby.
Some birds prefer staying in groups. Some other birds, like pigeon, dove and sparrow, forms a large group and invade crop fields. Learning from experience and passing on the similar kinds of learning to their young ones are the only strategy that birds acquire during their parental care. Learning how to fly, how to hunt and how to harvest are some other skills which make them fit for the challenging world. People keep parrots in cages. Such parrots even can mimic a person, entertain a person by such mimic and can do some other works as per the previously issued instructions. If, due to any unusual reasons, we liberate that bird and allow it to lead a free life, it may fail in doing so. This is only because of the lack of past experiences. In failing to do so, it may become an easy prey of some other hunters.
Caring babies, giving them adequate guidance, taking them alongside for a long time and other such instances of parental care are most common in mammals. They have a prolonged period of parental care, than compared to other groups of animals. Parental care of such a long time is the reason due to which a strong bond of love and affection develops among them. They even express happiness and sorrow on their own specific languages. Taking hold of a group, implying dominations upon others and indulging in violent fights are some other activities that some animals, like tiger, lion, elephant, monkey, exhibit. Intention of killing the male baby by male tigers and monkeys can be considered as their precautionary measures, which they want to take to avoid any forthcoming violent fights. They have no intention in allowing growth of their rival. Fights between male members of same pride often put the entire habitat in unrest for few weeks.
Being mother of a baby, tigers are comparatively more efficient. They teach their babies a lesson of swimming. They offer their babies a half wounded hunt and allow them to play with it. They also protect their male babies from the red eyes of grown up male members of the family. Group fighting for establishing a hold upon the group often becomes so violent and continues for so long time that it takes the adjoining areas in its clutch. Mother tiger is more violent during the nourishment of their babies. They cannot allow the male member of the group to find out the trace of their hide outs. During earlier stages mother tiger gives optimum care to her babies. She also helps her babies in learning different hunting skills and some skills of safeguarding oneself. After successful completion of the span of parental care, mother tiger continues moving out periodically, leaving babies alone in the graveyard.
Parental care can be witnessed with minute details by observing domestic and farm animals. Cats hold their babies in mouth and continue changing their places after a gap of couple of days. This is also because of avoiding the violent attack of the male member upon the male kitten. One can witness the attacking mood of the mother cat during its moment of parental activities. Cats and dogs of domestic type rely upon their master to certain extent for nurturing their young ones. These attitudinal changes are more common in domestically grown up animals having no exposure to the traditional attitudes of their specific kind. The affinity of retaining a territorial domination is common amongst both domestic and wild varieties of animals.
Parental care in human beings is the most specific type and also proportionately prolonged one, as compared to the life span of an individual. They also move through a long period of maturation. What a child can do, and what a child cannot do, depends depend entirely upon the type of instructions they receive from their inmates. They often gain confidence rapidly upon their mother and immediate elders. Security feeling is the only driving force that makes a child ready for assimilating skills and competence. Parents always try to make their ward fit for the surrounding. That is why they continue taking care of the young ones up to a prolonged period.
Human beings are special in the living world because of their special ability of learning, assimilating and infusing values of certain fundamental types. One cannot make their child a sinner, a betrayer or any other such type which often put a person in bad remark. That is why care offered by parents remain pure for people in general. Remaining loyal to parents, obeying parents, giving them respect are some of the initiatives which reflect the need of accessing support and confidence of parents.
